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Turned Windrow
A typical turned windrow compost
system.
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On-farm composting by a vegetable
grower near Yakima, WA, using dairy manure, straw, and waste
from the packing house. Compost piles are constructed on the
edge of the field where application will occur.
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This Hood River, OR, orchard
produces its own compost using the Controlled Microbial Composting
(CMC) approach developed in Austria.
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Hood River #2. Various
feedstocks are imported and mixed with cull fruit, juice pulp,
and some paper waste from the processing plant.
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Hood River #3. Given the
rainy winter conditions and hot, dry summers, geotextile "compost
blankets" are used to maintain optimum moisture and avoid
leaching, thus allowing for more all-season composting.
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Use of the CMC process
in dry climates such as this site near Reno, NV, requires constant
addition of water to the compost windrows during the summer.
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A composting site in a
fallow field in Nevada.
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A large dairy farm near
Jerome, ID, began a compost operation as a waste management tool
and developed it into an additional business.
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Profile of windrows at
a dairy in eastern Washington.
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Windrows at the WSU composting
site in Pullman, Washington.
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Windrows of yard debris,
manure, and food waste at a composting site in Vermont.
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Windrows of chicken manure
and wood shavings on a concrete pad at an egg farm in Idaho.
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Corner land outside of center
pivot irrigation areas is used as a site for compost windrows
at a dairy in Idaho.
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Static Windrow
Static compost piles with forced
aeration near Lewiston, ID.
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Forced aeration equipment
for static piles near Lewiston, ID.
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Another view of the forced air
system.
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This blower forces air into a
static compost pile.
Slide courtesy of Tom
Richard
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Forced aeration in a bin
type system.
Slide courtesy of Brickends
Farm, MA
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Passive aeration of piles
in bins in Vermont.
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An example of a passively
aerated windrow system (PAWS) at a site in Vermont.
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Static piles with passive
aeration tubes.
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Air inlet pipe for a PAWS
composting site in British Columbia.
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Permanent air outlets in
the pad for an aerated static pile at a site in Washington.
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An example of a passively
aerated static pile composting system on a farm near Wichendon,
MA.
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At this California vineyard,
grape pomace is composted between sections of vines.
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Extended Pile
An example of an extended pile
with floor aeration compost system in Wright County, MN.
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A Buhler windrower turning
compost in an extended pile with floor aeration system.
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Same as above.
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At a composting facility
in Couer d'Alene, Idaho, these aerated static piles are manged
under cover.
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In-Vessel Systems
This is an example of an enclosed
bag composting system used at Olds College, Alberta.
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Enclosed bag composting system.
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This agitated bed composting
system is used to compost chicken manure in a greenhouse in California.
Slide courtesy of Karin
Grobe
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At this facility in British
Columbia, fish waste is composted in a greenhouse with an agitated
bed system using a drum turner.
Slide courtesy of Charles
Henry
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An early agitated bed composting
system is used at a USDA research facility in Beltsville, Maryland.
Slide courtesy of Robert
Light
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Channel and turner, Beltsville
agitated bed composting system.
Slide courtesy of Robert
Light
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A home-made channel-type system
with a turner on tracks, all enclosed in a greenhouse.
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In-vessel channel and turner
system.
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Channeled windrows of chicken
manure are turned under a high-rise poultry house in Idaho.
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An experimental sized compost
reactor for research purposes.
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Modular, aerated composting
containers.
Slide courtesy of Jim
McNelly
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An example of an aerated
compost container used at a site in Vermont.
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This farm-scale rotating
drum is used for composting at a Texas site.
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A large-scale, rotating
drum composting vessel in Texas.
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Animal Mortality Composting
Composting dead fish at an aquaculture
facility.
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A passively aerated static
pile for composting fish waste is being formed.
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Bins for composting fish
mortalities in a 2-stage system at Buhl, Idaho.
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A common design for composting
animal mortalitites in covered bins, these are used for poultry
composting in Maryland.
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A similar shed used for
composting poultry mortalities at a site in Washington.
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At this turkey farm in Colorado,
mortalities and manure are composted in windrows. Feathers are
slow to compost.
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Bones composting in windrows
at a Texas site are very slow to decompose.
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A diagram of a simple poultry
mortality composting system.
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At a Utah State University
composting facility, cattle mortalities are composted in enclosed
static piles.
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Other
System Components
Using a front end loader to blend
initial feedstocks.
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A feedstock pile at a facility
near Lewiston, ID.
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Compost feedstock staging
area at the WSU facility.
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Paper pulp feed stock piles.
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Using alfalfa seed wastes
for composting near Nampa, ID.
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Separated dairy manure
solids used for composting at the WSU facility.
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A series of aerated composting
bins at a site in Washington.
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Aeration channels in floor
for composting bins.
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Compost for sale needs
to be of higher quality than that for many on-farm uses, requiring
additional equipment such as screens.
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