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Self-Assessment
Workbook
User
Survey
Table
of Contents
Links
and Resources
HomeFarm*A*Syst
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Reducing Food
Safety Risks in Apples: A Self-Assessment Workbook for Producers
of Apples, Juice and Cider
Links and Resources
General
Manure
Field
and Processing Operations
Worker
Hygiene
Pest
Management
WSU
Cooperative Extension Bulletins
Liability
Links and Resources
General
- Beuchat, L. and J. Ryu. 1997. Produce Handling
and Processing Practices. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 3(4):
459-465.
- Coliscan® Easygel® is an EPA approved
low cost test kit that can be used for on-farm sampling of irrigation
water and differentiates total coliform and E.coli in a single
sample with a 24-48 hour incubation time. Kits cost about $18.50
for 10 tests. Available from Micrology Labs 219-533-3351 or http://www.micrologylabs.com/
- Olsen, S., L. MacKinon, J. Goulding, N. Bean,
and L. Slutsker. Surveillance for Foodborne Disease Outbreaks-United
States, 1993-1997. U. S. Center for Disease Control and Prevention.
- Riordan, D., S. Sapers, T. Hankinson, M.
Magee, A. Mattrazzo, and B. Annous. 2001. A Study of United States
Orchards to Identify Potential Sources of Escherichia coli 0157:H7.
U. S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service.
For information, contact D. Riordan at 215-836-3757 or driordan@arserrc.gov
- U.S. Code of Federal Regulations (CFR). 2001Title
21, Sections 100-169 and 21 CFR 170-199. http://www.access.gpo.gov/nara/cfr/
- U.S. Code of Federal Regulations (CFR). 2001.
Title 21 Section 101.17 Food Labeling Warning and Notice Statements.
http://www.access.gpo.gov/nara/cfr/
- U S. Code of Federal Regulations (CFR). 2000.
Title 21, Section Practice in Manufacturing, Packing, or Holding
Human Food.
http://www.access.gpo.gov/nara/cfr/
- USDA-ARS/Michigan State University. Common
Apple Picking Techniques. Video. $15. Available from MSU Bulletin
Office, 10-B Agriculture Hall, East Lansing, MI 48824-1039.
- U.S. EPA. Total Coliform Rule and Surface
Water Treatment Rule. http://www.epa.gov
- U.S. EPA. 1986. Ambient Water Quality Criteria
for Bacteria, EPA Office of Water Regulations and Standards,
EPA 832-B-92-005. http://www.epa.gov
- U.S. EPA. 1993. Domestic Septage Regulatory
Guidance, A Guide to the EPA 503 Rule. EPA, Office of Water Regulations
and Standards, 832-B-92-005. http://www.epa.gov
- U.S. FDA Foodborne Illness Education Center.
http://www.nal.usda.gov/foodborne/index.html
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration's Food
Information Hotline 1-800-FDA-4010 or on-line: http://www.cfsan.fda.gov
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, U.S. Department
of Agriculture, and U.S Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
1998. Guidance for Industry: Guide to Minimize Microbial Food
Safety Hazards for Fresh Fruits and Vegetables. Copies can be
ordered by telephone (202) 260-8920 or at www.fda.gov
. Guide is available on-line at http://vm.cfsan.fda.gov/~dms/prodguid.html
- NASDA. Food Safety: State and Federal Standards
and Regulations.
http://www.nasda-hq.org/nasda/nasda/Foundation/foodsafety/index.html
- Resources for Apple Growers. University of
Wisconsin Cooperative Extension. http://www.uwex.edu/farmasyst/projects/apple/appleresource.html
- U.S. Public Health Service, FDA. 1997 Food
Code, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Food and
Drug Administration, Washington, DC 20204.
- Washington State Department of Agriculture.
Organic Standards Chapter 16 - 154 WAC. http://www.wa.gov/agr/fsah/organic/Organic%20Food,%20chapter16-154-wac.htm
- Washington State University Safe Food Initiative
web site http://ext.wsu.edu/safefood/
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Manure
- Cornell Composting. http://www.cfe.cornell.edu/compost/Composting_homepage.html
- On-Farm Composting Handbook (NRAES-54). 1992.
Natural Resource, Agriculture and Engineering Service (NRAES),
Cornell University, 152 Riley-Robb Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853; 607-255-7654;
$25. Description is available at http://nraes.org/publications/nraes54.html
- Leamaster, B., J. Hollyer, and J. Sullivan.
1998. Composted Animal Manures: Precautions and Processing. University
of Hawaii at Manoa Cooperative Extension Service AWM-1.
- Millner, P. 1998. Microbial Effects on Environmental
Health and Product Quality Aspects of Recovery and Co-Utilization
of Bio-Mineral Products p.247-258. In Beneficial Co-Utilization
of Agricultural, Municipal and Industrial By-Products (S.Brown
et al, eds.). Kluwer Academic Publishers.
- U.S. EPA 1994. A Plain English Guide to the
EPA Part 503 Biosolids Rule. 1832-R-93-003. Washington D.C.
- Lung, A., J. Kim, C. Lin, R, Marshall, R.
Nordstedt, and C. Wei. 1999. Survival of Escherichia coli 0157:H7
in Cow Manure Compost. University of Florida Institute of Food
Technology 1999 Annual Meeting Book of Abstracts. http://www.ift.org/resource/index.shtml
- U.S. Department of Agriculture. 2000. National
Organic Program's Final Rule. USDA Federal Register. 655 (246):
80548-80684. Part 205.203: Soil Fertility and Crop Nutrient Management
Practice Standard.
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Field and Processing
Operations
- Apple Cider Safety. Tacoma-Pierce County
Health Department. http://www.tpchd.org/fcs/Cider.html
- Apple Cider Pressing Guidelines. 2000. Chelan-Douglas
Health District, PO Box 429, Wenatchee, WA 98807 (509-886-6450)
- Apple Hill Quality Assurance Program and
Guidelines. 2000 . Apple Hill Growers Association. www.tasteldorado.com/qualityplan.html
- Edwards, Linda. 1998. Organic Tree Fruit
Management. Certified Organic Associations of British Columbia.
- Food Safety Regulations for Small Food Processing
Facility Regulations. 2001. Wisconsin Department of Agriculture,
Trade and Consumer Protection. Division of Food Safety (608-224-4700)
Fax:(608-224-4710). 2811 Agriculture Drive PO Box 8911 Madison,
WI 53708-8911 http://datcp.state.wi.us/static/fsafety/reg/
- Kupferman, E. 1993. Postharvest Practices
to Minimize Decay in Apples. Tree Fruit Postharvest Journal 4(1):8-9.
http://postharvest.tfrec.wsu.edu/pgDisplay.php3?article=J4I1I
- Pennsylvania State University. The Pennsylvania
Tree Fruit Production Guide 2000-2001. http://tfpg.cas.psu.edu/
- Postharvest Information Network-Apples, WSU,
Treefruit Research and Extension Center. http://postharvest.tfrec.wsu.edu/
- Ranagarajan, A., E Bihn, R.Gravani, D. Scott,
and M. Pritts. 2000. Food Safety Begins on the Farm: A Grower's
Guide. Good Agricultural Practices for Fresh Fruits and Vegetables.
Copies available from Cornell Good Agricultural Practices Program
at (607) 254-5383 or e-mail: eab38@cornell.edu
- Smith. M. 1999. FDA's Good Agricultural Practices.
Apple Cider Food Safety Control Workshop. Slide presentation.
http://vm.cfsan.fda.gov/~comm/cidwsmi2.html
- Successful cider making: Sanitation is the
Key. Video. $20. Available from S. Ingham, Babcock Hall 211,1605
Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706 (608-265-4801) scingham@facstaff.wisc.edu
- U.S. Department of Agriculture/FDA HACCP
Training Programs http://www.nal.usda.gov/fnic/foodborne/haccp/index.shtml
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, HHS. 2001.
Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HAACP); Procedures
for the Safe and Sanitary Processing and Importing of Juice.
Final Rule. 21 CFR Section 120. http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/~lrd/fr01119a.html
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, U.S. Department
of Agriculture, and U.S Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
1998. Guidance for Industry: Guide to Minimize Microbial Food
Safety Hazards for Fresh Fruits and Vegetables. Copies can be
ordered by telephone (202) 260-8920 or at www.fda.gov
. Guide is available on-line at http://vm.cfsan.fda.gov/~dms/prodguid.html
- Wright, J., S. Sumner, C. Hackney, M. Pierson,
and B. Zoecklein. 2000. A Survey of Virginia Apple Cider Producers'
Practices. Dairy, Food, and Environmental Sanitation 20(3): 190-195.
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Worker Hygiene
- Services, U.S. Public Health Service, FDA.
1997. Food Code, U.S. Department of Health and Human Food and
Drug Administration, Washington, DC 20204.
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Pest Management
- Beers, E., J. Brunner, M. Willet, and G.
Warner (eds.). 1993. Orchard Pest Management: A Resource Book
for the Pacific Northwest. Good Fruit Grower, Yakima, WA
- Brunner, J. Codling Moth and Leafroller Control
with New Insecticide Chemistry. WSU Treefruit Research and Extension
Center. Available on-line: http://www.tfrec.wsu.edu/staff/jfb/growerarticles/newchems/newchems.pdf
- Menzies, G.W. and C.B. MacConnell. 2000.
Integrated Pest Management for Apples: A Guide for Sampling and
Decision Making for Key Apple Pests in Northwest Washington.
Available from WSU Cooperative Extension, Nooksack IPM Project,
1000 N. Forest Street, Bellingham, WA 98225 (360-676-6763) or
from bulletin@coopext.cahe.wsu.edu
Available on-line: http://whatcom.wsu.edu/ag/comhort/nooksack/appleweb/toc.htm
- Pesticide Information Center On-Line (PICOL).
For further information contact the Pesticide Information Center,
WSU Tri-Cities at (509-372-7492). http://picol.cahe.wsu.edu/
- Strategic IPM Plan for the Western Apple
Production Region. 1999. Results of a workshop held in Yakima,
WA, Focuses on industry concerns regarding the Food Quality Protection
Act of 1996. Available from J.Brunner, WSU, Tree Fruit Research
and Extension Center, 1100 N. Western Ave., Wenatchee, WA 98801
(509-663-8181) or on-line: http://opus.tfrec.wsu.edu/reqstrat.html
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Washington State
University Cooperative Extension Bulletins:
- Crop Protection Guide for Tree Fruits in
Washington (EB0419)
- Pacific Northwest Insect Control Handbook
(MISC 0047)
- Pacific Northwest Disease Control Handbook
(MISC0048)
- Pacific Northwest Weed Control Handbook (MISC
0049) Published by the three Northwest land-grant universities
these guides give specific recommendations for pesticide use
on crops etc. and are updated annually.
- Ultrasonic and Subsonic Pest Control Devices.
(EB 1663)
- Concepts of Integrated Pest Management in
Washington. (EB0753)
- Home*A*Syst: Assessing the Risks of Groundwater
Contamination Fact Sheets (EB 1746-F1 to EB 746-F12), and Reducing
the Risk of Groundwater Contamination Worksheets (EB1746-W1 to
EB1746-W11). A series of facts sheets and worksheets used to
assess and reduce risks to well water quality. Available in Spanish. http://homefarmasyst.wsu.edu
WSU Extension publications can be ordered
on-line at http://pubs.wsu.edu
or by contacting the WSU Cooperative Extension Bulletin Office
at 1-800-723-1763 or e-mail at bulletin@coopext.cahe.wsu.edu
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Liability
- Castelnuovo, R. 2000. Steering Clear of Legal
Problems Related to Food Safety. University of Wisconsin Cooperative
Extension: Farm*A*Syst Program. To view slides go to http://www.uwex.edu/farmasyst/products/liability.ppt
. To download slides and text go to http://bluto.uwex.edu/farmasyst/slides/liab/
.
- Copeland, J. Understanding the Farmers Comprehensive
Personal Liability Policy: A Guide for Farmers, Attorneys, and
Insurance Agents, Available for $20 from the National Ctr. for
Agric. Law Research and Info, 147 Waterman Hall, University of
Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701 - http://law.uark.edu/arklaw/aglaw
- Hamilton, N. The Legal Guide for Direct Marketing,
available from N. Hamilton for $20 at Drake University Agricultural
Law Center, Des Moines, Iowa 50311 http://www.law.drake.edu/lawCenters/agLawCenter/publications.html
- University of Wisconsin Cooperative Extension
Service. 2000. Liability and Risk Management. http://cf.uwex.edu/ces/farmasyst/applecheck/risk.cfm
- University of Wisconsin. Managing Liability
in the Field. http://bluto.uwex.edu:80/farmasyst/slides/liab/liabsli/liabtab.html
- USDA Risk Management Agency. RMA On Line.
http://www.act.fcic.usda.gov/
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